When was acute lymphoblastic leukemia discovered

Times Cited of This Article. Times Cited 4. Journal Information of This Article. Publication Name. Review Open Access. All rights reserved. World J Hematol.

Aug 6, ; 2 3 : Published online Aug 6, Author contributions : Thomas X solely contributed to this paper. Citation: Thomas X. Figure 1 Alfred Velpeau Interested in medicine, in an attempt to dispel the sadness of a depressed young girl, he poisoned her with hellebore. Bretonneau was one of the outstanding physicians of his day in France. He quickly recognized the exceptional talent of his young assistant, treated him like a son, and trained him in clinical medicine and pathology.

In , Bretonneau sent him to Paris and obtained for him a position in the Saint-Louis hospital. There Velpeau gained both the anatomy and physiology prizes, while also teaching junior medical students.

Five years later, he took the university chair of clinical surgery, a position he then held for the next 33 years. Throughout his life, his work was enormous. His published works included titles. There were texts on surgical anatomy, obstetrics, operative medicine, embryology, and diseases of the uterus and breast.

Velpeau was elected to the Academy of Medicine in and to the prestigious Academy of Science in In , Velpeau caught flu. He died on 24 th of August, few days after performing an amputation. It was a fitting end to the life of a man who, from humble origins, had by his own endeavours risen to the front rank of his profession as one of the leading surgeons of the century.

At the age of 20 years, he moved to Paris with his family. He qualified as a lawyer but did not practice, and then became a late starter as a medical student, when he entered the Paris Faculty at the Sorbonne at 25 years of age.

A few years later he married Marie Antoinette Joantho, and through his wife, became linked with a well known medical family, the des Essarts. His qualities were recognized by the University Council and they appointed him to the honorary post of sub-librarian to the Faculty of Medicine[ 51 ]. In , he made one of his greatest contributions to medicine by discovering the protozoon, Trichomonas vaginalis , in vaginal secretion of Parisien prostitutes[ 52 ] and recorded it in a publication addressed to the Academy of Sciences.

His pediatric successes with feeding difficulties of premature infants led to his election as a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor and his nomination as Inspector General of Medicine. His successful researches into hematology have not received the publicity and fame they deserve.

After loosing his office of Inspector General following the revolution, he was installed in as the new Rector of the University of Strasbourg, then became in Rector of the University of Montpellier.

During his stay of almost 20 years at Montpellier, he became interested in theories and studies on spontaneous generation. On retiring from office in , he returned to Paris where he died of a cerebral vascular accident on 7 March [ 51 ]. He remains virtually unknown outside of France, never obtained the title of professor and was a practical man fond of microscope and laboratory work, but his contribution to medical and scientific progress is inestimable.

Figure 3 John Hughes Bennett Born in London on 31 August , Bennett Figure 3 was educated at Exeter England and being destined for the medical profession, he entered an apprenticeship with a surgeon in Maidstone Kent. In , he began his studies in Edinburgh. During the next 4 years, he studied in Paris, where he founded the English-speaking Medical Society, and then in Germany.

He began to lecture as an extra-academic teacher on histology, drawing attention to the importance of the microscope in the investigation of diseases[ 54 ]. In , he was appointed professor of the Institute of Medicine in Edinburgh. Opposed bloodletting and the indiscriminate use of drugs, he was an important influence in changing British therapeutic practices during the second half of the nineteenth century.

In , he became editor and later proprietor of the Monthly Journal of Medical Science. In , Bennett founded and became the first president of the Physiological Society of Edinburgh. In , he supported the admission of women medical students in Edinburgh. In , he was elected a member of the French Academy of Medicine and granted recognition by the French government to practice medicine in France. In , after his participation at the meeting of the British Medical Association, he was compelled to have the operation of lithotomy performed.

He sank rapidly and died on September 25 at Norwich. Figure 4 Rudolph Virchow Born in Germany in , he studied medicine and chemistry in Berlin at the Prussian Military Academy from to Virchow is credited with multiple important discoveries. Besides his role in recognizing leukemic cells, he was one of the first to accept the work of Robert Remak who showed that the origin of cells was the division of preexisting cells.

He also described that an enlarged left supra-clavicular node is one of the earliest signs of gastrointestinal malignancy.

He elucidated the mechanism of pulmonary thromboembolism and founded the medical fields of cellular pathology and comparative pathology. He also developed a standard method of autopsy procedure. In , he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. In , he was awarded the Copley Medal. In Virchow founded the Society of anthropology, ethnology and prehistory which was very influential in coordinating German archaeological research[ 55 , 56 ].

More than a laboratory physician, Virchow was an impassioned advocate for social and political reform. He made himself known as a pronounced democrat in the year of revolution, , and his political activity caused the government to remove him from his position. In , he became a member of the Municipal Council of Berlin, and began his career as a civic reformer. Elected to the Prussian Diet in , he became leader of the Radical or Progressive party, and from to he was a member of the Reichstag.

Virchow died of heart failure in Figure 5 Gabriel Andral Gabriel Andral was born in Paris, the son of a well-known physician who was a member of the academy and personal physician to the French revolutionary leader Jean-Paul Marat.

Andral received his doctorate in with a thesis on expectoration. In , Andral became a member of the Academy of Medicine. In he became member of the Institute, and in was made a commander of the Legion of Honor. In he abandoned his chair and retired, but still he took part in the advance of science and participated in the transactions of learned societies. He died of a heart condition on February 13, This treatise on general medicine may be considered a summary of French medicine as it had developed in the first decades of the 19 th century.

He was the founder of the science of hematology. Figure 6 Nikolaus Friedreich He received his doctorate in He became Assistant at the clinic of clinician Karl Friedrich von Marcus and in was habilitated as Privatdocent of special pathology and therapy. He was also director of medical clinic. He took an interest in all branches of medicine, especially neurology.

He has left 8 major and 51 larger and smaller treatises, among them a number of monographs. These include works on leukemia.

He died in from a ruptured aortic aneuvrysm. Figure 7 Paul Ehrlich Educated at the Gymnasium at Breslau and subsequently at the universities of Breslau, Strassburg, Freiburg-im-Breisgau and Leipzig, he obtained his doctorate of medicine in by means of a dissertation on the theory and practice of staining animal tissues.

In he published his method of staining the tubercle bacillus that Koch had discovered. This method was the basis of the subsequent modifications introduced by Zhiel and Neelson and of the Gram method of staining bacteria.

In Ehrlich became Titular Professor and in he qualified as a Privatdozent in the faculty of medicine in the University of Berlin. He worked out the details of preparing an antitoxin for diphteria, which represented the first use of immunotherapy to specifically treat an infection. In he was appointed Director of the Institute for the control of therapeutic sera at Steglitz in Berlin, and formulates his side-chain theory of immunity. He produced trypan red and established the correct structural formula of atoxyl effective against tryptosomes.

This open the way of obtaining new organic compounds with trivalent arsenic. One arsenic drug was found very effective against syphilis. During the later years of his life, Ehrlich was concerned with experimental work on tumors and on his view that sarcoma may develop from carcinoma, also on his theory of athreptic immunity of cancer. In he shared with Metchnikoff the highest scientific distinction, the Nobel price.

On August 20, a stroke ended his life. Figure 8 Ernst Neumann In , he took his doctors advice degree. He described the presence of nucleated red blood cells in bone marrow sap of humans and rabbits obtained by squeezing bones. He was the first to conclude that during postembryonic life, erythropoiesis is taking place in bone marrow.

Further studies pointed to the fact that leukocytes are also formed in the bone marrow. He postulated a common stem cell for all hematopoietic cells. He died in Figure 9 First contributors in the history of leukemia. Cancer: a historic perspective. Accessed September 7, James RR. The father of british optics: Roger bacon, c. Br J Ophthalmol. Stewart GB. Cobb M. Van Leeuwenhoeck A. Sign In or Create an Account. Sign In. Skip Nav Destination. Article Navigation. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia January 1, Seibel Nita L.

This Site. Google Scholar. Cite Icon Cite. Volume , Issue 1. An article on curing pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemia by Joseph V. American Society of Hematology. Milestones in Pediatric Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Agenda for Nematology Research. About Us. Precision Medicine.